ABSTRACT
La diarrea magnifica los efectos de la desnutrición. En consecuencia, aquí se estudió el efecto de la diarrea sobre dos tipos de desnutrición (proteica y proteico-calórica). El experimento incluyó 42 ratas jóvenes de la cepa Sprague Dawley que se distribuyeron en tres grupos (14 ratas/grupo). Durante los primeros 16 días del experimento, el primer grupo recibió una dieta control ad-libitum, el segundo recibió la misma dieta pero su consumo se redujo en un 50% y el tercer grupo recibió una dieta deficiente en proteína. Al final de este período había ratas bien nutridas (controles) y con desnutrición proteica y calórico-proteica. Luego, a la mitad de estas ratas en cada grupo, se les produjo diarrea con lactosa y todas las ratas continuaron con su dieta y el régimen de alimentación preasignado durante una semana. Así, durante este período había ratas controles así como con deficiencia proteica o calórico-proteica que tenían diarrea y grupos idénticos que no tenían diarrea. Los resultados mostraron que la diarrea causó una disminución del consumo y del crecimiento en las ratas del grupo control y deficiente en proteína. Sin embargo, el grupo con deficiencia calórico-proteica no redujo su consumo ni disminuyó su crecimiento en respuesta a la diarrea. La consecuencia de esto fue que la diarrea produjo desnutrición en el grupo control y aumentó la desnutrición en el grupo deficiente en proteína, pero no tuvo un efecto adicional en el grupo con deficiencia calórico-proteica. Además, la reducción en la absorción aparente del nitrógeno y de la grasa asociada con la diarrea, fue mayor en las ratas deficientes en proteína. Este grupo también presentó las actividades más bajas de disacaridasas intestinales. Esto resultados muestran que la diarrea tiene un efecto negativo mayor en ratas con deficiencia proteica que con deficiencia calórico-proteica.
Diarrhea increases the effects of malnutrition. Accordingly, the effect of diarrhea on two types of malnutrition (protein deficiency and protein-calorie deficiency) was studied. The experiment included 42 young Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were distributed into three groups with 14 rats per group. During the first 16 of the experiment, the first group was fed a control diet ad libitum, the second received the same diet but with food intake reduced in 50% whereas the third group was offered a protein deficient diet. Thus, at the end of this period there were well-fed rats (control), as well as protein and protein-calorie malnourished rats. Then one half of the rats in each group were given lactose to produce diarrhea and all rats continued with their previously assigned diet and feeding regime during one more week. Therefore, during this period there were control rats, protein deficient rats and protein-calorie deficient rats with and without diarrhea. The results showed that diarrhea caused a substantial reduction in food intake and growth in the well-fed rats and also in the group fed the protein deficient diet. However, the protein-calorie deficient group did not reduce its intake nor its growth rate. As a result, diarrhea caused malnutrition in the control group and increased malnutrition in the protein deficient but it did not have an additional effect in the protein-calorie deficient rats. The apparent absorption of lipids and nitrogen measured in these rats showed that the absorption reduction caused by diarrhea was more pronounced in the protein deficient group. This group also had the lowest activities of intestinal disaccharidases. These results showed that diarrhea had a more detrimental effect in protein deficient than in protein-calorie deficient rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Intestine, Small/metabolism , Protein Deficiency/metabolism , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Diarrhea , Disease Models, Animal , Disaccharidases/metabolism , Fats/metabolism , Nitrogen/metabolism , Protein Deficiency/enzymology , Protein Deficiency/physiopathology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/enzymology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/metabolism , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/physiopathology , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Se analiza las consecuencias provocadas por desequilibrios nutricionales sobre el contenido de DNA y la actividad de las enzimas ADA y PNP en timo de ratas en crecimientos. Ratas Wistar al destete fueron alimentadas con: 1- dieta libre de proteínas hasta asemejar cuadros de malnutrición proteica leve, moderada y severa; 2- dieta conteniendo harina de maíz en baja concentración (6,5 por ciento). La subnutrición durante la lactancia se obtuvo duplicando la camada (12-14 crías por madre). Como controles se utilizaron ratas bien nutridas de igual edad, que desde el destete recibieron dieta stock. Al finalizar la experiencia, se les extrajo el timo (Pt)(mg). Se determinó DNA (mg/órgano), el número de núcleos, el tamaño celular- Pt(mg)/No. de Núcleos- y la actividad de las enzimas ADA y PNP (umol de ácido úrico x 10 - 1/P)(P=Pt(mg) /P corporal 0.75). Los resultados muestran que tanto la subnutrición durante la lactancia, como la malnutrición proteica al destete y la administración de dieta de baja calidad, afectan la proliferación celular en el timo, Sólo la carencia de proteína o su baja calidad, aumenta la actividad de ADA y PNP
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Protein Deficiency/enzymology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/enzymology , Adenosine Deaminase/deficiency , Adenosine Deaminase/pharmacology , Diet, Protein-Restricted/adverse effects , Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase/deficiency , Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar/growth & development , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Thymus Gland/enzymologyABSTRACT
Rat peritoneal macrophages contained high proteolytic activity that was significantly enhanced under the stress induced by protein deficiency. The aspartyl protease cathepsin D which has been known to be the most active protease in endocytic processes was extracted from the macrophages recovered from control (20% protein fed) and protein deficient (4% protein fed) rats and was affinity purified and characterized further. The cathepsin D from the control sample exhibited better recovery, purification and higher specific activity compared to that from the deficient groups. Apparently the pH optima and heat stability of the enzyme from both the groups were similar. The SDS PAGE profile clearly indicated the presence of greater amounts of active forms of cathepsin D in the deficient samples in vivo itself which reflected in a reduction in Km value of the enzyme. Subtle differences observed in the activity of these macrophage proteases in the protein deficient rats may be partly responsible for the enhanced degradation of macrophage membrane proteins reported earlier.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cathepsin D/analysis , Enzyme Activation , Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology , Male , Protein Deficiency/enzymology , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
AChE activity was determined in the brain and heart of normal, acute totally starved, chronically semi-starved and chronically protein restricted groups of adult male rats. Neither acute total starvation nor chronic semi-starvation produced significant changes in AChE activity and protein content of the brain, while AChE activity and protein content in the heart were significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) after semi-starvation. Protein restriction, however, produced a significant decrease in AChE activity and protein content of both brain (P less than 0.01) and heart (P less than 0.001).
Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Animals , Brain/enzymology , Male , Myocardium/enzymology , Protein Deficiency/enzymology , Proteins/metabolism , Rats , Starvation/enzymologyABSTRACT
The effect of malathion, an organophosphorus insecticide on tissue levels of acetylcholinesterase (Ache), phosphomonoesterases and transaminases have been studied in presence of different levels of dietary proteins. Adult male albino rats weighing 150-200 gms were given 5%, 10% and 20% protein diets containing 400 mg malathion (dust) 5% conc./kg feed for 30 days. Its effect was evaluated in liver, kidney, brain, lungs and spleen and results were compared with their respective malathion dust, pair-fed animals (5%, 10% and 20% protein groups without malathion). Animals kept on low protein diets (5% and 10%) when exposed to malathion dust showed significant increase in the activities of GOT and alkaline phosphatase in liver, kidney, brain, lungs and spleen, while a marked inhibition in the activity of Ache was observed under similar treatment. GPT was decreased in kidney and lungs, in the low protein groups (5% and 10%, whereas its activity was increased in liver, brain and spleen of animals receiving 5% protein, when exposed to compared to their respective pair-fed animals. Thus, although the degree of alteration in the enzyme profile is less severe, these changes show that high protein diet has a protective role against pesticide hazards, whereas low protein diet provides less stability to the structural integrity of the tissues.